The software HYBRID2 was developed by the Renewable Energy Research Laboratory (RERL) of the University of Massachusetts. Moreover, the program’s limitation is that it does not allow the user to intuitively select the appropriate components for a system, as algorithms and calculations are not visible or accessible. However, depending upon the numbers of sensitivity variable used, the simulations can take a long time. The operation of HOMER is simple and straightforward. HOMER has been used extensively by researchers in various RES case studies and in renewable energy system validation tests. it facilitates the optimization of renewable energy systems based on Net Present Cost for a given set of constraints and sensitivity variables.
ENERGY BALANCE EVAPORATOR SIMULATOR
It is a time-step simulator that uses hourly load and environmental data inputs for renewable energy system assessment. HOMER uses hourly simulations to arrive the optimum target. One can specify as many sensitivity variables as possible, and the results can be analysed using HOMER’s powerful graphing capabilities. It would repeat the optimisation process for each value of the input so that it can be examined that how they can affect the results. HOMER can perform a sensitivity analysis on almost any input by assigning more than one value to each input of interest. With HOMER one can study the effect of changing input conditions on system design. It would also be possible to scan the list for other feasible systems as per requirements.
One can easily identify the system with the lowest cost at the top of the list. HOMER displays a list of feasible systems, after simulating all possible system configurations, and sort them by lifecycle cost. Should the system meet the loads for the entire year, HOMER estimates the lifecycle cost of the system, accounting for the capital, replacement, operation and maintenance and interest costs.
HOMER also decides for each hour whether to charge or discharge the batteries for systems. HOMER compares the electric and thermal load of every hour to the energy that the system can supply in that hour. HOMER simulates the operation of a system by making energy balance calculations for each of the 8,760 hours in a year. The principal tasks are simulation, optimisation and sensitivity analysis. HOMER finds the combination of components with least cost to meet specific load demand. It also can be used to analyse the sensitivity of the system under changing conditions like, load variation, battery price etc. It can be used to design most cost-effective systems, for optimum sizing, economic analysis. This software can be performing multiple analyses and can be helpful to address a wide range of design questions. HOMER is very frequently used for optimisation of hybrid renewable energy systems, both off grid and grid connected. One of the most popular tools for optimally designing the system components of HRES is HOMER (The Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewables), which is designed by National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Several software tools are available for this purpose, such as HOMER, HYBRID2, iHOGA, HYBRIDS, RETSCREEN etc. Using the computer simulation, the optimum sizes of the components of an HRES can be determined by comparing the performance and energy production cost for different system configurations. Simulation programs/ Software are the most common tools for evaluating the performance of the HRES. Aladin Zayegh, in Hybrid-Renewable Energy Systems in Microgrids, 2018 4.2.7 Computing tools If the plant was operated over 8000 h a year, on this feedstock it would generate 16,000 MWh per annum. This would result in an electrical output of around 2 MW. If the syngas available for export was used in a gas engine for electricity production, a conversion efficiency of 37% might be assumed. Conservatively 30%–35% of this syngas energy is required to operate the pyrolysis plant, with the remainder available for thermal or electrical power generation. For a standard 4 tons/h (dry basis) pyrolysis plant operating on MGW, syngas with an energy value of 30 GJ/h or 8.3 MW would be produced. If greater energy production is required (more syngas), the biochar could be partially or completely gasified. Thus each dry ton of green waste will produce 7.5 GJ of energy. The energy balances show that 41% of the energy in the green waste feedstock was transferred into syngas during the pyrolysis processing. The mass and energy balance results are shown in Table 9 for MGW. A basic mass and energy balance calculation was completed using the experimental results obtained from the analysis of the feedstock and biochars.
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